Uses of Sheet Lead for Gamma Radiation Attenuation

Sheet lead is the material of choice for many applications involving the attenuation of gamma radiation.

Gamma radiation attenuation – that is, gamma ray shielding – takes place because of the interaction of the radiation to the shielding material. Gamma rays consist of high-energy photons that move at the speed of light, and these photons can travel considerable distances before dissipating their energy. Direct and/or prolonged exposure to gamma radiation requires shielding by extremely dense material, and lead is the principal material used in radiation shielding.

The effects of gamma radiation exposure to the human body can include skin burns and cellular damage. Excessive doses can kill cells and result in radiation sickness, also termed “radiation poisoning." Gamma ray exposure can occur from natural radioactivity in industries such as gas and oil production, as well as in such industries as nuclear power where exposure poses a significant risk. Common low-dose exposure to radiation does not cause radiation sickness, but this does not necessarily lessen the requirement for protection.